X-ray ionization

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• Ionization chamber — An ionization chamber is a device used for two major purposes: detecting particles in air (as in a smoke detector), and for detection or measurement of ionizing radiation. An ionization chamber is an instrument constructed to measure the number… …   Wikipedia

• ionization — i·on·i·za·tion (ī ə nĭ zāʹshən) n. 1. The formation of or separation into ions by heat, electrical discharge, radiation, or chemical reaction. 2. The state of being ionized. * * * Process by which electrically neutral atoms or molecules are… …   Universalium

• Cosmic ray — For the film, see Cosmic Ray (film). Cosmic radiation redirects here. For some background types of cosmic radiation, see cosmic background radiation and cosmic background. The energy spectrum for cosmic rays Cosmic rays are energetic charged… …   Wikipedia

• X-ray — [ 22 December 1895 and presented to Professor Ludwig Zehnder of the Physik Institut, University of Freiburg, on 1 January 1896. The dark oval on the third finger is a shadow produced by her ring. [cite book last = Kevles first =Bettyann Holtzmann …   Wikipedia

• x-ray — /eks ray /, n. Also, x ray, X ray. 1. Physics. a. Often, x rays. a form of electromagnetic radiation, similar to light but of shorter wavelength and capable of penetrating solids and of ionizing gases. b. such radiation having wavelengths in the… …   Universalium

• X-ray fluorescence — (XRF) is the emission of characteristic secondary (or fluorescent) X rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high energy X rays or gamma rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis,… …   Wikipedia

• X-ray crystallography — can locate every atom in a zeolite, an aluminosilicate with many important applications, such as water purification. X ray crystallography is a method of determining the arrangement of atoms within a crystal, in which a beam of X rays strikes a… …   Wikipedia

• Cosmic-ray observatory — A cosmic ray observatory is a scientific installation built to detect high energy particles coming from space called cosmic rays. This typically includes photons (high energy light), electrons, protons, and some heavier nuclei, as well as… …   Wikipedia

• Electrospray ionization — Electrospray (nanoSpray) ionization source Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to produce ions. It is especially useful in producing ions from macromolecules because it overcomes the propensity of these… …   Wikipedia

• Degree of ionization — A plasma lamp, illustrating a low degree of ionization (i.e. a partially ionized gas) The degree of ionization refers to the proportion of neutral particles, such as those in a gas or aqueous solution, that are ionized into charged particles. A… …   Wikipedia

• delta ray — Physics. a low energy electron emitted by a substance after bombardment by higher energy particles, as alpha particles. [1905 10] * * * ▪ physics       in physics, any atomic electron that has acquired sufficient energy by recoiling from a… …   Universalium